What Is the Degree of a Polynomial Function

A degree in a polynomial  function is the greatest exponent of that equation, which determines the most number of solutions that a function could have and the most number of times a function will cross the x-axis when graphed. Each equation contains anywhere from one to several terms, which are divided by numbers or variables with differing exponents. For instance, the equation y   Ã‚  3x13 5x3  has two terms, 3x13  and   5x3  and the degree of the polynomial is 13, as thats the highest degree of any term in the equation. In some cases, the polynomial equation must be simplified before the degree is discovered, if the equation is not in standard form. These degrees can then be used to determine the type of function these equations represent: linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic, and the like. Names of Polynomial Degrees Discovering which polynomial degree each function represents will help mathematicians determine which type of function he or she is dealing with as each degree name results in a different form when graphed, starting with the special case of the polynomial with zero degrees. The other degrees are as follows: Degree 0: a nonzero constantDegree 1: a linear functionDegree 2: quadraticDegree 3: cubicDegree 4: quartic or biquadraticDegree 5: quinticDegree 6: sextic or hexicDegree 7: septic or heptic Polynomial degree greater than Degree 7 have not been properly named due to the rarity of their use, but Degree 8 can be stated as octic, Degree 9 as nonic, and Degree 10 as decic. Naming polynomial degrees will help students and teachers alike determine the number of solutions to the equation as well as being able to recognize how these operate on a graph. Why Is This Important? The degree of a function determines the most number of solutions that function could have and the most number often times a function will cross the x-axis. As a result, sometimes the degree can be 0, which means the equation does not have any solutions or any instances of the graph crossing the x-axis.   In these instances, the degree of the polynomial is left undefined or is stated as a negative number such as negative one or negative infinity to express the value of zero. This value is often referred to as the zero polynomial. In the following three examples, one can see how these polynomial degrees are determined based on the terms in an equation: y x (Degree: 1; Only one solution)y x2 (Degree: 2; Two possible solutions)y x3 (Degree: 3; Three possible solutions) The meaning of these degrees is important to realize when trying to name,  calculate, and graph these functions in algebra. If the equation contains two possible solutions, for instance, one will know that the graph of that function will need to intersect the x-axis twice in order for it to be accurate. Conversely, if we can see the graph and how many times the x-axis is crossed, we can easily determine the type of function we are working with.

Starbucks Corporation Company Profile - 1848 Words

Starbucks Corporation 1 Starbucks Corporation is probably the w orld’s most well - known coffee shop chain. It is officially the world’s largest coffee chain, with a total of 21878 stores operating globally as of 28 December, 2014. The story of Starbucks began back in 1971, when it was just a single store, roasting and retailing ground coffee as well as whole beans in Pike Place Market in Seattle. It now serves millions of customers the world over in 66 countries (Starbucks Company Profile, 2015) Starbuc ks derives its nomenclature from Herman Melville’s Moby Dick . Even the ubiquitous green and white logo is ocean - inspired – it is a twin tailed siren from Greek mythology. Starbucks aims to â€Å"inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.† (Starbucks Company Profile, 2015) Starbucks is globally known for its friendly baristas, great coffee, homely store ambience and ubiquitous store presence. Starbucks believes in serving the best possib le coffee to their customers. The coffee is sourced employing ethical sourcing standards from Latin America, Asia and Africa. Starbucks has a signature flavor to its coffee beans, called the Starbucks Roast. Starbucks strives to include ethical practices in everything it does. Its employees are called partners, and are provided with ample services such as comprehensive healthShow MoreRelatedStarbucks Corporation Public Company Profile1113 Words   |  5 PagesStarbucks Corporation is a specialty coffee retailer, roster and marketer internationally. The first stand alone Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in Seattle, Washington by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in 1971. In 1985 Starbucks Corporation was founded and, in 1987, the original founders would sell the company to current CEO Howard Schultz for $7 million (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation†). Having 22,519 retail stores in 67 countries worldwide, Starbucks has grown into the largest coffeehouseRead MoreGeneral Information / History : Starbucks1062 Words   |  5 PagesInformation/History Starbucks Corporation is a specialty coffee retailer, roaster and marketer internationally. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker established the first stand-alone Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971. In 1987, the original founders sold the company to the present CEO Howard Schultz for $7 million (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation†). Currently having 22,519 retail stores worldwide, Starbucks has developed into the largest coffeehouse company globally (â€Å"Starbucks CompanyRead MoreStarbucks : Ethical And Ethical Issues Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Starbucks is renowned for its morality due to their innovative sustainability and environmental policies and operations. They strive to go beyond mandated regulations by implementing ethics as part of their core practices. However, no matter how flawless their code of ethics is; they, too, face ethical issues and commit unethical acts. First, they are responsible for putting small, local coffee shops out of business which creates a uniform retail culture throughout cities. Second, they advertiseRead MoreStarbuckss Marketing Plan For Starbucks1305 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Starbucks, it was interesting to review a multinational company that operates in 62 countries and has 19,000 stores (Starbucks Corporation, 2013). It is apparent that success lives within the offerings of high quality coffee with a 3 billion base of customers enjoying the products. The company has a strong commitment to buying and serving high-quality coffee and consumers have savored the coffee and the prestigiou s brand. Starbucks arsenal not only consists of the signature Starbucks brandRead MoreStarbucks Corporation1716 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks Corporation By Oybek Salimov Outline Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 1. Background of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 2. Starbucks’s expansion.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 3. Risks associated with expansion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 4. Capital structure of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Reference †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Introduction GlobalizationRead MoreStarbucks Case Analysis1320 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks Case Analysis Table of Contents I. Executive Summary II. Company Profile III. Marketing Analysis IV. Competition V. Company Product and Services VI. Recommendations/Conclusion I. Executive Summary In 1971, three young entrepreneurs began the Starbucks Corporation in Seattle Washington. Their key goal was to sell whole coffee beans. Soon after, Starbucks began experiencing huge growth, opening five stores all of which had roasting facilities, sold coffee beans and roomRead MoreMarketing Analysis : U.s. Capita Coffee Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesUnit III Research Project (Starbucks) Angelo R. Jones BBA 3201-Priciples of Marketing Columbia Southern University Industry Analysis. Study shows that U.S. per capita coffee consumption has not really varied in over 15 years. Although the consumer has since evolved from regular brewed coffee to a more sophisticated gourmet brew, the overall intake for coffee has relatively remained the same based on the Gallup polls. (Brown, 2015) The Starbucks Company has managed to change the palletRead MoreKey Success Factors for Starbucks Corporation986 Words   |  4 PagesKEY SUCCESS FACTORS FOR STARBUCKS CORPORATION 1.0 Introduction. Cole Ehmke (n.d.) described competitive advantage as that which gives an edge to a business over what the competition can offer. It helps to provide the reason why a customer chooses to purchase from a business instead of the competition. In the light of the above, an attempt will be made to highlight some of the key success factors that have given Starbucks Corporation an edge over others in the coffee sales industry. The writerRead MoreStarbucks: A business model for success now and in the future1478 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Starbucks was named after Starbuck, first mate of the whaleship Pequod in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick†¦Starbuck was pluralized for ease of use† (Burks, 2009, p. 1). Now President, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer, Howard Schultz formed Starbucks Corporation in 1987 after purchasing the name Starbucks, six stores and a roasting plant from previous owners, Jerry Baldwin and Gordon Bowker (Burks, 2009). Starbucks operates under a successful value chain management strategy. Their value chain encompassesRead MoreUsing Hormone Added Milk On Potential Products And Its Impact Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesand its impact As our society becomes increasingly more health conscious and aware of what ingredients are being put into potential products for consumption purposes, Starbucks from an entire organizational perspective should be just as aware of the ingredients that they are inserting into their various product lines. Starbucks currently is under a tremendous amount of scrutiny and pressure to serve milk that does not contain any traces of genetically modified organisms. The excessive use of these

Nursing and Student Free Essays

string(596) " mentor leaving the indication to the student about their problem for too late in their placement, the mentor having difficulty to take action during their placement because such action could eventually cause critical consequences to the student, the mentor having to face the challenge of a weak student because Nursing is viewed as a caring profession and such action would be uncaring and lack of adequate time for assessors in the clinical environment to work with students \(Fraser et al 1998\), lack of support for the mentor from lecturers when faced with a fail situation \(Sharp 2000\)\." INTRODUCTION The aims of the assignment is to examine how the reflective account or our experience of facilitating learning opportunities assessing and teaching a student will help the future development with in the mentor or practice teacher role. In order to achieve this teaching session, educational theories. The formulation of a lesson plan wills be included focusing on my objectives rational for my action. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now In assessment session a brief Introduction will be given on relevant theories, concepts and principles of assessment in practice with further discussion of the assessment process. Assessing a student in clinical area will take place. Effectiveness of my mentoring will be critically analysed and skills in teaching and assessing will be reflected up on evaluation of developing my mentorship role will be discussed, highlighting any changes that can be made to my practice to improve mentorship. It has now mandatory requirement that qualified nurses and midwives becomes mentors affect one year of registration and practice (N. M. C 2008). Mentors play a vital role in supporting, teaching and assessing students in practice Quinn (2007) define a mentor as someone who experienced, and many cases more senior than the learner, and who provide support, encouragement, and guidance. PART II : ROLE AS A MENTAR An N. M. C. 2008 mentor is registrant who following successful completion of an N. M. C approved mentor preparation programme. According to N. M. C mentor should exclusive the knowledge, skills and competence are required to meet the defined outcome. Mentors are responsible and accountable for organizing and co-ordinating students learning activities in practice (N. M. C 2008). Mentor need to supervising students in learning situations and providing them with constructive feed back on their achievements. Mentor should assess the total performance including skills, attitudes and behaviours. The fitness for practice and purpose report of the U. K. C. C. post Commission Development Group 2001 looked at the competencies of newly qualified Nurses. They concluded that the mentor was to be responsible to contribute constructively to the learning environment for the evidence progress of student, be approachable and supportive to gain confidence of the students have knowledge of assessment tools to assess the competence in order to ensure patient safety, be competent to share knowledge of patient care, make time for interviews to discuss the specific requirements of the student. Provide time for reflection and encourage enquiry based learning. As per N. M. C 2008 there is a developmental frame work to support learning and assessment in practice. There are 8 dominants in the frame work. It includes: 1Establishing effective working relationship 2Facilitation of learning 3Assessment and accountability 4Evaluation of learning 5Creating an environment for teaching 6Evidence based practice 7Leadership As per N. M. C standard Student need to spend minimum 40% of the time with their mentor. As a role as mentor, their knowledge, skills and competency need to update ongoing basis. Each mentors as reviewed every 3 years to ensure that only those who continue to meet the mental requirements. Remain on the local register mentor at least two student with due regard with in 3 years period participate annual updating. Duffy states that N. M. C. Standard for the preparation of mentors provides a tool for preparation but it is the mentor knowledge, skills, ineffectively arrying out their role that protect the public by ensuring that students who are lacking incompetence do not progress to become registered nurse or midwives. The reality of being a mentor is that as per R. C. N tool kit for Nurses 2007 all mentors supporting students, gain registration, have responsibility to ensure that they are fit. Mentor should be prepared to assess student performance in practice and will be accountable for their decision to pass, refer or fail a student. N. M. C recognise that failing student may be difficult and that all assessment decision must be evidence based, mentor should recognise various assessment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that direct care, simulation, OSCES and other†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Common criteria for sign off mentor, the N. M. C states Registrant who makes judgement about whether a student has achieved the required standards of proficiency for safe and effective practise must be on the same part or sub part of the register as that which the student is intending to enter. Only sing off mentors and practise teachers that are the same part of the register and the same field of practise. May confirm to N. M. C that student have met relevant standards of proficiency for the particular programme leading to registration. Signing off proficiency must be assessed by all existing sign-off mentor at least 3 occasions. The role of mentor on the preparation of practitioners who are fit for practice is paramount. However mentor need to be supported in her demanding role (Glyniscells pellet 2006). Mentors in the study identified constraints on their role owing to staff shortage, busy clinical work atmosphere, too many students. This result in lack of time to spend with students and left mentor feeling guilty. Kathleen Duffy (2004) identified some mentors failed to fail students early on their programme, pick things up later. Nurse mentors are faced with many difficulties in fulfilling the dual role of facilitator and assessor (Sharples Ketal 2007) ASSESSMENT Assessment defined as the measurement of candidate’s level of competence in theoretical and practical Nursing Skills (Brooker 2001, as cited in Howard and Eaton, 2003, page 46). Assessment in clinical practice ensures safety and competent standard of practice. Assessment is a critical element of the mentoring process, as Duffy (2204) explains mentors must ensure that assessment of clinical skills does occur as required. Many mentors have been passing students who should have failed in the hope that they will improve later although they are aware that this puts patients at risk. Kathleen Duffy was commissioned by the N. M. C to investigate the reasons for this. The four main issue is that emerged in her report of January 2003 included the mentor leaving the indication to the student about their problem for too late in their placement, the mentor having difficulty to take action during their placement because such action could eventually cause critical consequences to the student, the mentor having to face the challenge of a weak student because Nursing is viewed as a caring profession and such action would be uncaring and lack of adequate time for assessors in the clinical environment to work with students (Fraser et al 1998), lack of support for the mentor from lecturers when faced with a fail situation (Sharp 2000). You read "Nursing and Student" in category "Essay examples" Stuart (2007 page 1) defined assessment as the judgement of performance during clinical practice and any other ways of measuring professional learning. There are 3 methods of assessment. They are Continuous Assessment, Formative Assessment and Summative assessment. Co ntinues assessment provides a measure of how the student is progressing according to the level and knowledge expected at each stage of their training (R. C. N 2007). The assessment consists of formative and summative dimensions, the later being as all the outputs from the student in the clinical area are observed, providing opportunities for Nursing Practice to be explored and not missed. Gibbs (1998) suggests that assessment should be continues as they are more authentic. Formative assessment occurs throughout the placement and during learning activities using feedback and feed forward and can determine whether re-explanation, arrangement of further practice or moving to the next level is required. Summative assessment normally takes place at the end of the placement and focuses on how much students have learned and have the learning outcomes been met. It does judge achievement of the specified competencies for the student to progress in training. The formative and summative assessment are reliant on each other as Formative Assessment provides a facilitating process which guides and increases learning and serves to give a series assessments whereby a summative assessment can be made. Regardless of the type of assessment, employed every effective assessment must meet the four cardinal criteria. Which are Validity, Reliability, Discrimination and Utility (M. Quinn 2007). Dogra and Wass (2006) note any assessment of clinical performance need to accommodate the diversity of patients and their needs. So performance is judged in terms of cultural sensitivity. A mentor has an important part to play in the assessment of practical work, as well as providing education, role modelling and direct feed back (Nicklin Ken worthy 2000). We assess the knowledge of the students and how competent they are (what) (In the case of the student nurse, how competent she is in administering oral drugs). The staff nurse achieved this by asking the questions set out in the lesson plan (appendix 4) and evaluating the return demonstration. We assess because (why) we need to test the progress of the student, provide feedback to learners leading to future improvement and demonstrate to students that they have attained a goal or acquired a new skill (Cox Harper 2000). In this situation, the staff nurse assessed (How) the skills and competency of the student through questioning and observing the return demonstration. As part of the preparation for the role of the mentor, the assessment of the student nurse related to the practical procedure of drug administration began prior to the procedure itself. The student mentor assisted the learner previously with information about other topics and skills in the clinical environment which helps her to reduce assessment stress as the learner was comfortable due to previous interactions as predicted by Calnan, 1983. In addition to this, to ensure that all relevant issues were covered, the mentor observed the student throughout the lesson by using a performance checklist as stated by Quinn, 2000 (p. 231) which was designed to identify the knowledge, skills and attitude required for efficient performance. The mentor also communicated clearly and assertively, which helps to interact in a more effective way (Wondrak, 1998). He gave verbal guidance to the learner and informed the student, prior to approaching the ward area that feed back would be presented in the privacy of the office to avoid embarrassment and promote confidence and discussion between the two. When I assessed my student the assessment tool choose to use observation and the use of checklist. Questioning, an important part of the assessing was aided by blooms classification system which enabled the student mentor to ask questions at different intellectual levels to determine the level of knowledge of the student. The learner received ample time to answer the questions to her full potential. To facilitate self reflection, the staff nurse encouraged the student to discuss (Muijs Reynolds, 2005) upon her own performance and the students realised how the assessment enhanced here knowledge. A mentor is also provided with the privilege to provide feed back targeting the improvement of the student. The staff nurse chose to give constructive feed back where criticism follows praise and then ends with a positive note which is hoped to give the student adequate confidence to deal with more negative aspects of his/her performance (Neary, 2000). The assessing section of the teaching session proved comparatively easier. I used Blooms Classification system to formulate questions at different intellectual levels in order to understand extend of the student knowledge. The practical demonstration was easy to assess as the checklist provided the exact actions that I should be looking for an assessing. I felt confident while assessing the student and observed every step he took carefully. Assessing is something that I thought it is always done automatically rather than theoretically and methodically it was quite interesting to relate it to theory. My assessor was pleased with my performance and advised me to keep it up. I think my confidence in the subject influenced the student to learn more from me as the image presented through usually givers other a good impression. If a situation arises again I would try my best to keep up my good performance. I feel that the improvement I could make realise on time. I should probably try to make the session longer so that the student has enough and more time to understand, improve, reflect and perfect. It would also help me to build up a better support with the student. This session provided me enough confidence. TEACHING Professional teaching in Nursing, Midwifery and Specialist Community Public Health Nursing, teaching is an International Enterprise that aims to facilitate learning. It is characterised by an acceptance of responsibility for facilitating other people’s learning by means of planned and purposeful educational interventions (Quinn 2007 p. 183). Teaching can either be formal or informal. Formal is normally pre-planned whereas informal teaching tends to be spontaneous (Hinchiff 2004). For effective teaching to be carried out, it is important to understand the process of learning. Reece Walker (2000) defines learning as a relatively permanent change. There are different learning theories associated with teaching, firstly, behaviourism, this theory is based on stimulus and response Pavlow (1936 – 1949) among other physiologist experimented on this theory. The humanist theory is however linked to feelings and experience. Maslow (1971) defines this theory as motivation and hierarchy of needs. Meaning the student must identify what he or she wants to learn. Lastly, the cognitive theory, this theory involves thinking and the mind. According Hinchiff (2004) suggest that some key elements are essential in creating a good environment for the student, which are approachable staff, welcoming confident enough to share knowledge supportive, helpful, available and contactable and knowledgeable. Teaching session was carried out to prepare staff nurse to be a mentor oral drug administration was the topic chosen for this session. The rationale for this decision is the fact it is an integral part of a patients care. I notice that numerous management students have been failing their drug assessment test. There are two management students in our ward, next week they have a drug exam. I choose this topic to try to create a difference to these unfortunate occurrences. Knowles indicate that adults are self directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions motivated about by the identification of humanistic needs (Knowles 1985). My students are adult and thus I chose andragogy to teach my students. Andragogy is defined as the art and science of helping adults to learn. In contrast pedagogy, which can be defined as the art and science of teaching children (Knowles 1973)? According to Knowles 1990, andragogy is where a student controlled approach is employed and thus enhance the students self concept, promotes autonomy, self direction and critical thinking. While encouraging reflection on experience and involves student in the diagnosis, planning, enacting and allows the student to evaluate his or her own learning needs (Knowles 1990). On other hand, Pedagogy implies that learning occurs as a result of the input of others, the student – teacher relationship is unequal – student’s look-up to their teacher, teaching methods is teacher-led and the teacher accepts responsibility for the students learning (Hinchiff 2004 p. 69). The session took place in the staff room at the acute respiratory unit on Tuesday afternoon at 16. 30 hrs commenced after coffee break. The time chooses as there would be less activity compared to morning time. The rationale for this decision was to maximize concentration by the student and me (Gibbs 1998). The room was calm and quiet and devoid of any disturbance. It was also well ventilated, spacious and bright which ensured comfort for everyone in to the room. The atmosphere was positive for learning. The session was well planned and the room was arranged beforehand to produce the best possible learning atmosphere. The student mentor prepared handouts for the students prior to the teaching session in order to provide record of what had to be taught (Hinchiff 2004). The mentor prepared a lesson plan before the lesson, thus ensuring that everything was prepared; she made SMART aims and objectives (Hinchiff 2004) to reach perfectionism. British National Formulary was used to teach the student where to look for information pertaining to groups of drugs. The domains of learning described in Booms Taxonomy were used for the session. In Bloom’s Taxonomy, the Domains of learning include Cognitive, the Psychomotor and the affective (Bloom 1972). I started the session by introducing myself and my assessor to the students. In addition I explained the aims and objectives of the lesson. Then I asked some few question regarding the drug administration (Cox Harper 2000) to understand the scope of the student’s previous knowledge us it. The staff used Bloom’s Taxonomy of educational objectives (1956) to formulate questions at different intellectual levels (Bloom 1956) in the session. Staff Nurse described the N. M. C. guidelines and Whippscross Policy of oral drug administration. The Staff Nurse used a drug chart and explained to the student how to read it, explained the important document features to ensure safety. At the end of session the staff nurse demonstrate to the student the administration of oral drugs. The mentor followed the step by step policies of the N. H. S. efore and after the administration of the drug while explaining the rationale for each action. After her demonstration, he asked the student for a return demonstration to facilitate evaluation. Finally, a short feed back session was held in the office and the student was provided with the opportunity to clarify her queries. The staff nurse began with positive feed back and then moved on to negative and constructive feed back. Ultimately the student asked to complete questionnaire to evaluate the session (see appendix 3). After the session, my assessor and myself sat down to reflect on the session. He gave me aspiring feedback about the session. Reflection Reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and to inform learning about practice (Reid 1993). Reflection enables the practitioner to explore, understand and develop meaning, and also highlights contradictions between theory and practice (Johns 1995). Reflection can be two categories namely reflection on action, which involves looking back at events that have occurred and reflection in action, which involves learning as it happens and adapting to new situations (Bulman Schutz 2004). Baud et al (1998) defined reflection as an active process of exploration and discovery which often lead to much unexpected outcomes. Reflection helps to create an environment where professionals are helped to analyse and review their practice, thus enabling the professional to work in a more responsive, creative and untimely more effective manner (Redmond 2004). Reflection has been analysed by many and models have been designed to facilitate reflection. I choose the model, Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (1998) to help me reflect on my session. I incorporated it into the teaching and assessing of my lesson for a methodical approach. Reflection is said to encourage practitioners to challenge the way they think, feel and believe (Burnard 1989). Reflecting on an experience is a highly skilled activity, it requires an ability to analyse action to make judgements regarding their effectiveness in particular situations. Clearly, Boyd Fales see self awareness and learning from experience as the key features of reflection. In Reflection, I felt that , humanistic approach was effective as it helped to make the student felt good about her. Contrary to my early fears, the students appeared to be confident about what she needed to know and asked questions accordingly. I would use pictorial demonstrations because this would have reduced the number of doubts that the students presented as many areas would have been self explanatory. Conclusion To develop the role of the mentor, I have made some recommendations. Staffs needs to be encouraged the student to teaching is a part of their role and need to be enthusiastic about this. Attending regular mentorship updates in order to provide relevant, evidenced based information and keep abreast of developments in students teaching may motivate them and enhance professional development. A regular informal meeting at L. S. B. U between students and mentors to identify problems that arise and act accordingly. This would give both parties the opportunity to discuss what is expected and reduce barriers in the learning /teaching role and may improve the working relationship between mentors and students. Regular audit which are useful in identifying strength and weakness for teaching in the clinical area and all staff are to take part, they should be informed of date and time of audit and have the opportunity to participate in the ward evaluation. In conclusion becoming a mentor is one of the difficult roles of the nurse. It is a very big and serious responsibility because it is in the hands of a mentor to shape the development of the potentials and skills of the students. It is not just teaching a student, what he or she knows, it is about making sure that students will be knowledgeable and competent, enough to practice as a Professional Nurse in the future. Mentors are essential part of the Nursing Students and prepare the next generations to inherit our jobs and further improvement. To let students achieve their maximum potential, supportive and experienced mentors are required. An incompetent and different mentor could impair the students motivation to learn and thus create choose in the future. The N. M. C guidelines state that mentors are essential, however I am afraid they have left out the fact that enough time is also required to maintain the high standards set. This would ensure that students stretch their abilities to the maximum and that mentors are able to reflect upon their experiences and thus improve and perfect themselves to become much more experienced and competent. 10th December, 2008 To, Pauline Mills, Dear Madam, Please find enclosed herewith my mentorship essay preparation. Kindly check and re-correct the essay and return it at your earliest. Thanking you, Yours truly, SARAMMA KORULLA Encl: Mentorship Essay (p. 1 -11) How to cite Nursing and Student, Essay examples

Online Shopping And Social Networking †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Online Shopping And Social Networking. Answer: Introduction There was once a time when window shopping was considered as a craze, but slowly with the advent of the internet and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) the shopping experience gradually revolutionized. People no longer had to move from one shop to another in search of their favorite products. Now they can sit in their home and order their products of need and want. These products range from simple story books to big huge machines. This new craze was termed as online shopping which made shopping feasible and accessible to people irrespective of their geographical location. Online shopping revolutionized the conventional shopping style and infused a touch of glamour into it. The feasibility and the accessibility of the products over the internet empowered people to choose from a wide range of alternatives, which was earlier not present (Shanthi Desti, 2015). Along with the online shopping came the added benefit of package delivery right at the door step of the consumer. This quickened u p the process and along with it a different industry gradually grew up which know as Amazon, EBay, Newegg, Alibaba (McDermott Payvision, 2015). This study is based on online shopping, how it evolved, the ethical issues associated with it, the various advantages and the disadvantages, impact of the online stores on the retail stores and the probable future of online shopping. Introduction to online shopping Online shopping can be defined as an activity or an action of purchasing services or products over the internet. This in simple words means going online and searching for a sellers website. Then choosing any specific product or service for delivery. The buyer then pays directly via debit or credit card over the internet or pays upon delivery. Online shopping not just include buying but also includes searching for the product online, and also looking for the current prices. This means that a person can effectively look for the product online, however he is not making any purchase. Through online shopping anything can be purchased. The online experts made a market analysis that online shopping will gradually overtake the sales of the offline retailers. Online shopping has some alternative terms like e-shopping which is also called electronic shopping and the e-tailing which is a shortened term of electronic retail. Likewise, online stores are also called by the name of virtual store, o nline storefront, online store, web-store, internet shop, e-store, e-shop, e-web-store. Mobile commerce can be described as making purchases from the mobile or hand held devices through the online retailers (Li, Dong Chen, 2012). These online websites are modified for the mobile viewing and the online retailer companies make standalone apps for shopping through mobile. These soft wares and the websites are designed to browse through the list of the brands and place orders through the computers or mobiles. The present day online shopping is also termed as e-commerce (Laudon Traver, 2013). Just like the online shopping, ecommerce also means selling and buying services and products, or transmitting data or funds or data through the electronic network, basically the internet. The transactions that take place occur between consumers to business, consumer to consumer, business to consumer, business to business. The terms e-business and ecommerce are often use interchangeably. Whereas, t he term e-tail is used when referencing to the transactional processes occurring in the online shopping. The history of ecommerce can be traced back to the year 1960 when the businesses were using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in order to share the business related documents with the other companies. American National Standards Institute introduced a new standard to share document to share documents over the internet called the ASC X12. While after 1980 these transactions grew in number and in the year 1990 Amazon and EBay brought a revolution to the e-commerce industry (Pfeiffer, 2012). Thus, both enabling and empowering the customers to purchase several different types of products online. Ecommerce is conducted via different applications like the web services, file transfer protocol, electronic data interchange, shopping carts, online catalogs and email. These applications include sending newsletters to the subscribers, sending emails to that contain advertisement of the new products (Zhao et al., 2015). The latest trends say that the different companies are trying to lure consumers over the internet through the social media marketing, digital coupons and the targeted advertisements. While the benefits of the ecommerce can be related to the 24/7 availability of speedy access of the services and the goods without any geographical limitations. However, some of the limitations of the service include consumers not being able to touch the product physically before making a purchase, limited consumer service and sometime long wait for product delivery (Mohapatra, 2013). Due to the rise in the ecommerce or online shopping, the IT professionals are forced to move beyond just the designing the website to the other aspects of online shopping. The other aspects include data security and the data privacy due to the innumerable number of customers data on to the databases. Nowadays when the IT systems are developed, it incorporates the important criteria of maintaining compliance with the government regulations, protection and rules (Business.qld.gov.au, 2018). Evolution of online shopping The concept of online shopping came as early as 1979, when Michael Aldrich an entrepreneur connected his TV with a computer through a phone line. This modified computer system with a connected TV had a simple menu driven interface which later developed in to an e-business system. This technology was termed as videotext and this creation further laid the basis of the social networking services which became evident after 25 years. Again in the year 1980, Michael Aldrich introduced a new innovation to the world. This innovation enabled the service companies, suppliers, distributors, agents, customers and consumers to be connected with the corporate business entities and facilitated the completion of business transactions electronically. In the late 1980s, Michael Aldrich supported, maintained, installed, sold and manufactured online shopping systems through the videotext (Khoshnampour Nosrati, 2011). This system also provided the handprints and the voice responses. Later on in the year 1990, Tim Berners Lee created the first browser and a World Wide Web server, this technology later became commercialized in the year 1991. Subsequently, innovation came pouring in in the year 1994. These innovations included the Intershops online shopping website, Netscapes SSL v2 encryption that was standard for the secure transfer of the data, Pizza Hut opened up a brand new online pizza shop, and online banking. One of the first secure online transaction was made by internet shopping network and Netmarket in the 1994. Subsequently, both EBay and Amazon launched their websites in the year 1995. Tmail and Taobao both the sites of Alibaba were launched in the year 2003 and 2008. Retailers were selling goods over the internet before the availability of the product and this was called pretail. This was done to test manage, build and test the demand (Kumar Maan, 2014). Online shopping made its first touchdown in 1995 in the American market through the hands of Amazon and EBay. Both these websites introduced a new era of online shopping that led to the creation of a new business and the overall value of the online shopping business touched trillions of dollars. PayPal was launched in the year 1998 and on the other hand, Jack Ma launched Alibaba in China in the year 1999. Through a report in 2015, the ecommerce sales were found to be leaded by China with a whopping 562 billion dollars, and was followed by the US with 349 billion dollars (Kuah Wang, 2017). There are several different online shopping websites and online merchants to choose both the services and the products. The differences in the features offered by these different online retailers are an important matter of interest. The online shopping is made possible only through the websites whether it is viewed from mobile or computers. Thus, the features offered on these websites is an important part of the discussion. Functional and large product images- product images that shows visually detailed presentation of the product is a standard feature of all the websites, it helps the developer and the consumer to see the product with the ability to zoom over it (Wu et., 2013). Product reviews- through a survey it has been found that consumers find a product when they see both the negative and positive reviews. Online shopping websites that provide the option to comment on a particular product is an important feature that can increase the sales and visits. The products reviews help the buyers to make more thoughtful choices (Korfiatis, GarcA-Bariocanal SNchez-Alonso, 2012). Faceted and layered navigation- faceted and layered navigation helps the buyers or the shoppers to easily navigate and search for the desired product. Navigation helps the products to be separated and kept in the sub categories and the option of filtering the searches help to sort the search into desired number of products. The extra option of segregating the products based on the price, attributes, features and color helps the buyers to choose products based on their taste (Rsto?n, TvaroÃ… ¾ek Bielikova, 2013). Fast checkout and single page- paying for the chosen products is the last hurdle that a buyer wants to pass as quickly as possible. Thus, making the last step easy and hassle free for the customers is one of the best feature that buyers should look for (Luo, Ba Zhang, 2012). Search- it is surprising that certain sites still do not support the searching option in their homepage. T hus, selecting a website that supports searching makes it easy to easily navigate to the product that a buyer is checking (Luo, Ba Zhang, 2012). Coupons and discounts- a good online shopping website will incorporate the option of having discounts and coupons. This helps the buyers to avail discounts and use their coupon codes that they have received from other places (Sharma Khattri, 2013). This experiences are from the users side, whereas other features also contribute to a better online shopping destination. These features include product import and export- even a decade ago, the product do not require to be imported or exported to and fro from required destination. The ability of an online retailer to ship product from country to another is now an essential feature (Gessner Snodgrass, 2015). Hassle free integration with the third party solutions- there are different ways of building an ecommerce shopping website, this includes the modular type of construction and this allows the easy integration of the third party solutions (Saleh, 2012). Analytics and reporting of sales- the last but one of the most useful feature of an online shopping website is to effectively use the built in analytics and the reporting capabilities. This enables the users to track the sales detail of a product to a significant level and these reports must be easy to export (Thushara Ramesh, 201 6). Ethical issues in online shopping When an online business or ecommerce business is run, there are certain ethical implications that needs to be kept in mind for the effective conduct of the business. However, these ethical concerns are an important and need to be maintained. Online security and data theft- data theft is an important and one of the vital topic of discussion especially within the ecommerce or online shopping websites. Breach of data takes place every day, but the degree of the data breach is not the same everytime. Notable data breaches in the past have occurred and it targeted the kmart, Home Depot, Sony and Michaels, Staples. The sale of the products over the internet is great breakthrough for the retail business. The online shopping brought a big relief for the consumers and the way they choose to shop. Online shopping created an opportunity for the shoppers to directly connect with the sellers. Selling online is a novel way to bypass all the hassles of opening a wide range of shopping stores over different geographical areas. Seller bear the responsibility towards the customers. These online shopping companies must ensure that ecommerce related transaction do not result in security breaches or data theft (Chakraborty et al., 2016). The reason for such an emphasis on the data security is because a lot of serious information is accumulated during the online transactions. The several sensitive information includes: credit card numbers; personal information like phone numbers, emails and address; purchase history (especially important for the purchase of the sensitive products). Hackers especially are able to damage the customers through the misuse of the data. These precautionary steps are mandatory for keeping the trust of the buyer. Violation of consumer protection laws can lead to serious consequences. Data protection and prevention of the security breaches can be effectively dealt through the effective implementation of the usage of HTTP/SSL for the ecommerce related websites that deal with the sensitive information; adherence to the PCI compliance guidelines; only storage of the customer data that are mandatory; protection of the buyers data through an extra layer of defense; usage of the trusted platforms for the purpose of data storage and financial transactioWang Zhang, 2013). Accurate product listing- from the traditional retail, ecommerce is different. The buyers are unable to touch products when they are placing the orders. Buyers only look at the pictures and the videos shows the product in the ideal lighting conditions. These include artistic touch through the Photoshop and the light room. At the same time, the product descriptions either speak a ton or speak very little about the product. Thus, online shopping customers do not see the actual product before they receive the product. Within a store, customers take the items off the shelf and carry the same to the register. Whereas, the ecommerce transaction is instead speaking of sending the delivery. Thus, the entire responsibility falls on the sellers to effectively list the products honestly, completely and accurately (Dai, Forsythe Kwon, 2014). The sellers can effectively make the customers happy through delivering products before the delivery time, usage of the nice packaging materials and small freebies. However, doing the opposite can surprise the customers negatively. If the delivered products do not maintain the quality and deliver products that are of low quality, and not accurate. This will disappoint the customers and probably the customers might shift to other websites. For a majority of the online shopping websites, providing inaccurate data on the website is inappropriate. This often result when inexperienced people handle data and unable to manage the data effectively. Providing inappropriate product description can result into issues like bad customer feedback. Thus, tracking and collecting information from the negative feedback from the customers and timely rectification can result in effective management of the issues (Weathers, Swain Grover, 2015). Following the online selling laws- it is always essential for an individual or a business to follow the laws and work accordingly. There are certain laws that need to follow to avoid any major issue. These laws are: product-specific regulations; international regulations that are country specific; online marketing laws like laws on advertising disclosure and CAN-SPAM act; tax regulations, privacy laws and the data compliance laws (Kigerl, 2015). Selling counterfeit products- the sellers must check the products they are selling. Although it is not possible to check each and every product before delivery. The manufacture should be able to designate that a product is safe. Sellers must act with the trusted suppliers that will minimize any compromise in the quality (AR, 2012). Advantages and disadvantages of online shopping Advantages of online shopping- Customers have the comfort of placing order from their homes and also from their work places. Shopping is made convenient and easier for the buyers through the usage of internet and the best part is that, transactions can be cancelled ay time. The other benefits of online shopping include: wide range and variety of products that are available online; lower prices and good discounts; detailed information regarding the products; various brands and models can be compared; save the effort and the time. It is seen generally that the sales representatives try to convince, persuade and influence the buyers. Thus a pressure remains over the buyers and are unable to look for their desired products. However, the purchasing products through the online stores in a relaxed way. Online shopping saves the precious time that are wasted during standing in a queue. The buyers do not need to reach a particular in order to purchase the products. One of the major benefit is that customers can enter the name of the product either into the search engine or to the search section of the online shopping website, in order to receive the desired results (Hsu, Chuan-Chuan Lin Chiang, 2013). Companies display a wide range of products that are available for the customers to compare and contrast. The customers look for the products that suit their needs and tastes and thus the wide range of options provide a wide range of options. The comparisons can be made based on the features that are displayed and also based on the prices of the products. In comparison to the malls, the online shopping websites remains open for the 24/7. Thus, be it night or day, the online shopping website remains accessible for the entire time period. In order to attract the online customers, the shopping websites provides discounts on a wide range of products to the customers. Sometimes, the shopping sites also offer comparisons of the different stores available. Another best advantage is the ability of the customer to track the packaging to shipment and delivery of the product (Jusoh Ling, 2012). Disadvantage of online shopping- lack of the proper management of the inventory and the long duration of the delivery. Although the process of ordering a product can take about 15 minutes, whereas the delivery of the product may take 1 to 3 weeks depending on the geographical location. This prevents the customers from using the online shopping websites and frustrates them. In comparison to the offline retailers, the online shopping websites don not provide the requisite amount of discount (Richa, 2012). Although, online shopping websites have the several advantages. The major drawback is that inability of the customer to touch the product physically before making the purchase. The offline stores provide the feasibility of making negotiation with the seller, whereas in online shopping websites the prices are fixed. It has been seen that there are fraudulent websites that dupe the customers and take away the money. Online payments through the online payment gateways are sometimes not s ecured and thus raises the security concerns. E-commerce websites must pay attention to the increasing issues related to the cybercrimes in order to boost the online shopping. Conventionally, before making a purchase customers look through the products and only after a close examination attempts to make the purchase (Kacen, Hess Chiang, 2013). Impact of online shopping on retail stores It is a well-known fact that global market leaders in the e-commerce or the online shopping websites include the Amazon, EBay and the Alibaba. Some of the market researchers have found that in the coming years, the traditional retail industry will more customers to the online retailers. Several offline retailers are now facing bankruptcies due to the lack of customers visiting their stores. The overbuilding of stores has made this shrinking an excessively more competitive for the survival of the smaller retail stores (Agarwal Durga, 2016). This have not only affected the smaller players but also the bigger chain of stores is now facing shutdown. The investors that previously used to invest money on to the offline retail stores are now moving away and looking for the newer opportunities in the online retailers. Conducting retail business requires opening up of stores over a wide range of places. This is sometimes costly and a time consuming issue which encompass the huge operating co sts due to the rent, utilities, electricity and security. Walmart a big retail seller reported to have incurred losses in which their revenues decreases by 0.75 percentage. The company also faced issues outside North America which included the South Korea and Germany (Cost, 2016). Future of online shopping The future of online shopping is bright although it may require newer innovation and features to keep the business afloat. The present day e-commerce website can further face competition from the offline rivals like Walmart. Because, these offline giants will adapt the online selling strategies and will provide products that will compete with the like of Amazon and EBay (Harvard Business Review, 2018). The other options that are available for the online giants is to utilize the social media for the promotion of the newly launched products. The offline giants that were restricted to the offline retailing will take on the social media for the effective promotion and induction in to the online scope. The social media can be taken as a platform for the selling and buying of products that will use the added advantage of person to person interaction (Grewal, Roggeveen Nordflt, 2017). Conclusion Thus from the above discussion, it can be concluded that online shopping is boon for a wide range of individuals that exhibit different needs. The fame and craze of online shopping started with the online sellers selling books, whereas now online shopping can even deliver products like bulldozer or a car. The retail sellers got affected from the rise in online shopping and their revenues got hit badly which led to closure of several big chains of shopping marts. Although, the business of online shopping is booming and it has a prosperous future. Whereas, several innovative ideas need to keep the business booming for another 10 to 15 years. Social networking can be utilized and the amalgamation of both the online shopping and social networking can lead to great success. References Agarwal, S., Durga, P. (2016). A Study on the Challenges Faced by Retailers as a Consequence of Online Shopping. International Journal, 4(7). AR, A. R. (2012). Counterfeit luxury goods online: an investigation of consumer perceptions. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(2), 74. Business.qld.gov.au. (2018). Legal obligations for online business | Business Queensland. Business.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://www.business.qld.gov.au/starting-business/internet-start-ups/online-basics/legal-obligations Chakraborty, R., Lee, J., Bagchi-Sen, S., Upadhyaya, S., Rao, H. R. (2016). Online shopping intention in the context of data breach in online retail stores: An examination of older and younger adults. Decision Support Systems, 83, 47-56. Cost, J. C. (2016). Impact Of Online Shopping On Conventional Retail Stores In South Goa (India): An Empirical Study. Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 2(10). Dai, B., Forsythe, S., Kwon, W. S. (2014). The impact of online shopping experience on risk perceptions and online purchase intentions: Does product category matter?. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 15(1), 13. Gessner, G. H., Snodgrass, C. R. (2015). Designing e-commerce cross-border distribution networks for small and medium-size enterprises incorporating Canadian and US trade incentive programs. Research in Transportation Business Management, 16, 84-94. Grewal, D., Roggeveen, A. L., Nordflt, J. (2017). The future of retailing. Journal of Retailing, 93(1), 1-6. Harvard Business Review. (2018). The Future of Shopping. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 6 February 2018, from https://hbr.org/2011/12/the-future-of-shopping Hsu, C. L., Chuan-Chuan Lin, J., Chiang, H. S. (2013). The effects of blogger recommendations on customers online shopping intentions. Internet Research, 23(1), 69-88. Jusoh, Z. M., Ling, G. H. (2012). Factors influencing consumers attitude towards e-commerce purchases through online shopping. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(4), 223-230. Kacen, J. J., Hess, J. D., Chiang, W. Y. K. (2013). Bricks or clicks? Consumer attitudes toward traditional stores and online stores. Global Economics and Management Review, 18(1), 12-21. Khoshnampour, M., Nosrati, M. (2011). An overview of E-commerce. World Applied Programming, 1(2), 94-99. Kigerl, A. C. (2015). Evaluation of the CAN SPAM ACT: Testing deterrence and other influences of e-mail spammer legal compliance over time. Social Science Computer Review, 33(4), 440-458. Korfiatis, N., GarcA-Bariocanal, E., SNchez-Alonso, S. (2012). Evaluating content quality and helpfulness of online product reviews: The interplay of review helpfulness vs. review content. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 11(3), 205-217. Kuah, A. T., Wang, P. (2017). Fast?Expanding Online Markets in South Korea and China: Are They Worth Pursuing?. Thunderbird International Business Review, 59(1), 63-77. Kumar, S., Maan, S. (2014). Status and scope of online shopping: An interactive analysis through literature review. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 2(12), 100-8. Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. G. (2013). E-commerce. Pearson. Li, M., Dong, Z. Y., Chen, X. (2012). Factors influencing consumption experience of mobile commerce: A study from experiential view. Internet Research, 22(2), 120-141. Luo, J., Ba, S., Zhang, H. (2012). The effectiveness of online shopping characteristics and well-designed websites on satisfaction. Mis Quarterly, 1131-1144. McDermott, K., Payvision, B. V. (2015). Key business drivers and opportunities in cross-border ecommerce. Payvision, Amsterdam. Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce Strategy. In E-Commerce Strategy (pp. 155-171). Springer, Boston, MA. Pfeiffer, H. K. (2012). The diffusion of electronic data interchange. Springer Science Business Media. Rsto?n, K., TvaroÃ… ¾ek, M., Bielikova, M. (2013). Web search results exploration via cluster-based views and zoom-based navigation. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 19(15), 2320-2346. Richa, D. (2012). Impact of demographic factors of consumers on online shopping behaviour: A study of consumers in India. International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences, 3(1), 43-52. Saleh, A. A. E. (2012). A proposed framework based on cloud computing for enhancing e-commerce applications. International Journal of Computer Applications, 59(5). Shanthi, R., Desti, K. (2015). Consumers' perception on online shopping. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 13, 14-21. Sharma, N. V., Khattri, V. (2013). Study of online shopping behavior and its impact on online deal websites. Asian Journal of Management Research, 3(2), 394-405. Thushara, Y., Ramesh, V. (2016). A Study of Web Mining Application on E-Commerce using Google Analytics Tool. International Journal of Computer Applications, 149(11). Weathers, D., Swain, S. D., Grover, V. (2015). Can online product reviews be more helpful? Examining characteristics of information content by product type. Decision Support Systems, 79, 12-23. Wu, W. Y., Lee, C. L., Fu, C. S., Wang, H. C. (2013). How can online store layout design and atmosphere influence consumer shopping intention on a website?. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 42(1), 4-24. Xue, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, L. (2013). Traffic classification: Issues and challenges. In Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 545-549). IEEE. Zhao, Q., Zhang, Y., Friedman, D., Tan, F. (2015). E-commerce recommendation with personalized promotion. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (pp. 219-226). ACM.

Role of Education for Successful Careers

Introduction Over the years, there has been ongoing debate on the importance of education for a successful career. Even to those who agree that education is important, there is still the lingering question on the level of importance. Many learners and employment seekers have repeatedly been questioning the importance of education with respect to personal career in certain fields.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Education for Successful Careers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also questions touching on the role of education in determining the level of success in the business world and in improving the quality of life in general. Today, many people seeking certain job opportunities with some even possessing many years experience find themselves being rejected in favour of candidates possessing degrees in that field. (Santiago) Depending on the height of achievement that one is seeking to accompli sh, the echelon of education might be practical, but the most important thing to realize is that some level of education is vital to future success. In essence, completing high levels of education shows that one has an obligation and enthusiasm to study and apply the gotten information in their various areas of specialization. Additionally, this also acts as proof that one is willing to use the acquired thoughts, theories, and principles to attain a variety of responsibilities and aspirations. Although there are obviously many reasons why people should advance their education, the most important is that education enables a person to acquire the subject substance and vital information needed in the day-to-day living. (Hartman Stewart 283) Today, many people are undoubtedly shunning formal employment in favour of starting up their own businesses. This has led many people to question the importance of academic excellence in the light of this new development. Contrary to this belief, a ttaining academic excellence especially in English and language skills helps people to communicate their ideas in a clearer manner. This is gotten from the fact that communication skills are fundamental in any task, whether dealing with co-workers or even business associates. Indeed, one has to efficiently convey their plans, ideas, and goals if they are to become respected people in the society. Currently, any formal learning incorporates communication skills thus articulating the importance of attaining academic excellence during the learning years. (Moxley Dumbrigue 36)Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the revolution that computers and calculators have brought in the modern world, there is still the need to do basic adding up and calculations on paper or even using the mind. Regardless of the profession that one might be in, there will always arise moments when one has to e mploy basic math skills. Lacking these skills can be a big impediment to attaining a fulfilling career or even for life. Indeed, nearly every chore in the life of a man requires some basic math skills. These are activities like preparing meals, shopping, driving among many other chores that people engage in on day-to-day basis. Lacking the basic math skills can become a big source of frustration for the involved parties and can lead to huge losses in an organization or even in ones private life. (Hartman Stewart 284) Currently, nearly all the best paying jobs in the market require high level of learning. In fact, the world works on a basic principle that the more education that one has, then the higher level of earnings they are likely to attain. This clearly shows that academic excellence is a prerequisite for attaining financial growth in any given career. In fact, trends show that people who attain great success in the business world were once successful in school. Currently, an yone thinking of landing a lucrative job in any major organization must be holding some noteworthy level of education. (Moxley Dumbrigue 37) Unlike in the past when certain positions within organizations did not necessarily require any college education, the situation has been reversed and these positions are currently only open to people possessing a certain level of academic qualification. In any given organization, managers use educational requirements to reduce the number of applicants especially in situations where the number of those applying for the job is more than the available positions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Education for Successful Careers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many explanations as to why managers prefer people with higher education but the most likely reason is that learned people are perceived to be ready to learn the procedures within the company since colle ge education is all about learning new things. Additionally, being in school allows one to interact with people from different backgrounds, which helps them to hone their communication skills thus making them to succeed in their respective careers and in the business world. (Santiago) Conclusion Over the years, there has been an ongoing debate on whether academic excellence is important for a successful career. There is no doubt that academic excellence leads to financial breakthroughs in whatever career that one might be pursuing. Even then, there is still the lingering question on the required level of education that one should have attained to make them qualify for certain positions in an organization. Current trends however show that the range of salaries in organizations depends on the level of education that one has attained. Unlike in the past when some positions within organizations did not require any level of education, the situation has changed and academic excellence is needed to even allow one to set foot in these organizations. Works Cited Hartman, Kathleen and Stewart, Thomas. Investing in Your College Education: Learning Strategies with Readings, 2009. Cengage Learning, 283-284. Print. Moxley, David and Dumbrigue, Cecille. Keeping Students in Higher Education: Successful Practices Strategies for Retention, 2001. Routledge, 36-40. Print. Santiago, Andrea. Why is Education so Important for Success?, 2011. Web. https://www.verywellhealth.com/why-is-education-so-important-for-success-1736016Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Role of Education for Successful Careers was written and submitted by user Carissa Jacobs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Title VII of the Constitution

Title VII of the Constitution Title VII is a chapter in the constitution that prevents employers from discriminating workers based on their religious affiliations. The constitution prevents employers from discriminating employees based on their religious practices and beliefs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Title VII of the Constitution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The law demands that employers must respect the religious views of employees in the organization. However, the law does not prevent religious organizations from applying strict rules. In the American labor market, religion is one of the contentious issues. Employers find it hard to solve issues related to religion in the organization. Statistics from the EEOC proves that religious conflicts are in the increase in the American labor market. The society is becoming diverse and plural implying that cultural conflicts are inevitable. Religious protection clause under article VII has generated a number of issues in organizations. Some of these debates include the following: What is a reasonable accommodation? What counts as a religious belief that needs to be accommodated? Can employees wear religious garbs or symbols in places of work? Can an employer demand to know the religion of an employee during recruitment? Can employees object to a diversity program or pledge on religious grounds Employers must give realistic accommodation. For instance, the Seventh Day Adventist believers should be allowed to worship God on Saturday. If a company has a residence for employees, employers must provide space that should be used as a worshiping place. It is the role of the employer to ensure that an employee worships God in the organization at the right time and in the right place. In this regard, the management should reschedule work to allow a group of employees to exercise their religious practices. In the organization, article VII requires that the religious b eliefs and practices of employees should be given priority over the interests of the company. In this regard, the organization should not question the credibility of any religious belief.Advertising Looking for research paper on business corporate law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The law aims at covering the beliefs of many employees but not those beliefs belonging to conformist religious groups. In many organizations, the management recognizes the beliefs of Hindus, Muslims, and Christians. Other religious groups are not given an opportunity to exercise their religious right. Therefore, the management must appreciate the religious beliefs of small groups such as cults, and sects. In the workplace, small religious groups are often denied worshiping rights since their practices are believed to defy societal rules. Matters related to religion are sacred, and each should believer should be allowed to exercise a rel igion of his or her choice. In other words, an individual should not be forced to adopt religious practices that are inconsistent with his or her faith. The organization should ensure that employees wear clothes of their choice. Some religions demand that believers must maintain a certain physical outlook and behavior. For instance, a Muslim believer must dress in a way that is consistent with the tenets of the Islamic culture. Women are expected to cover their faces and men are supposed to put on a tarbush. For a company engaging in mining, the employee should be advised to put on safety clothes. However, this should not be mandatory. In the Islamic culture, men are not allowed to shave. The organization must allow an employee to execute his or her duties while observing his or her religious code of dressing. Interfering with the dressing code of an employee might affect his or her duties in the organization. During recruitment, the employer should not ask employees to state their religious denominations. In other words, religious beliefs should not be used to eliminate employees during a recruitment exercise.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Title VII of the Constitution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In some organizations, employers ask recruits whether their religious beliefs would prevent them from working during holidays. This question is unacceptable because Article VII states that an employee has religious rights that should not be compromised in any way. Some employers are tempted to ask employees to state the church they attend. This should be discouraged, and those found engaging in this malpractice should be prosecuted. However, the employer might inform the employee on regular days of work and work shifts. On diversity, an employee should not be forced to accept some cultures that contradict his or her religious beliefs. In the organization, the management might come up with a diversity program aimed at uniting the cultures of various individuals. Cultural diversity is an important aspect in the organization. The management should always ensure that employees respect the culture of fellow employees. However, employees should be taken through a learning process implying that they should not be forced to accept the cultural practices that are not consistent with their religion. For instance, employees are advised to respect the culture of gays and lesbians. The law provides that an individual should not be forced to accommodate a culture that challenges his or her religious practice. For instance, employers tend to force employees to sign a code of conduct requiring them to tolerate homosexuality. Many religious beliefs oppose homosexuality. Therefore, employees must be given a freedom to choose whether to associate with a homosexual or not. In the organization, an employee should not be forced to subscribe to a diversity program. This is because suc h a program might be going against his or her religious values.Advertising Looking for research paper on business corporate law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An employee should be allowed to exercise his religious rights and freedoms without interference from the management. The management does not have the right to stop an employee from practicing a belief related to his or her religion.

An Overview on How to Write Reports and Essays and to Set out Research Paper

An Overview on How to Write Reports and Essays and to Set out Methodology - Research Paper Example In case of references where no date is mentioned, the term n.d. i.e., no date is used to denote that no date is available for citing. In case the name of the author is not available, it is mandatory to cite the name of the author who has cited it in their work/s by mentioning cited by. For instance, It is advisable to ensure that citations from other authors must be used with extreme caution and care and if at all such works are cited, adequate care must be taken to apply the accurate conventions. In the case where quotations used in the text are fewer than three lines, it must be: (a) placed within the text, (b) in quotation marks and (c) in italics while in case of quotations exceeding three lines, the same should be placed within quotation marks, in italics, blocked, indented and single-spaced. Organizational learning has always been a centre of focus for several decades. Learning in itself is given due importance owing to its contributions and outcomes in enhancing the overall organizational productivity as well as the environment. The term Learning Organization which was first used in the 1980s is defined as: "any company having a climate that speeds up individual and group learning" (Kirk 1996 Pp.3). The concept has been defined differently by different authors, however, the perception of three of such authors is presented below: According to Senge (1994), the Learning Organization is: â€Å"an organization that is continually expanding its capacity to create its future.  

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 177

Essay Example This paper will discuss how the perception of the media has changed about the article â€Å"Secret talks on radio† by Dan Shelley. Many have been under the impression that the media is always transparent no wonder media enjoy much freedom in the United States of America. Little could one know that most of the time they wag the dog, shifting focus from the real issue to the less significant- until one reads Dan Shelley’s article. Nevertheless, talk show hosts, for example, Charlie Sykes - one of the best in the business - are famous and capable because they speak to a section of the populace that feel disappointed and even misled by the media. These individuals accept the media are prevalently staffed by and reliably reflect the perspectives of social liberals. This perspective is at this point so deep-rooted and long-held; it has developed into some part of each preservationists DNA (Shelley, 1). An anchorperson must sustain the thought that ones audience members are exploited people, and the host is the vehicle by which one could be engaged. The host outlines for all intents and purpose each issue in us-versus-them terms. There must be an awful man against whom the host will insistently safeguard those devoted audience members. He further argues that, this adversary might be a lawmaker - either a Democratic officeholder or, in uncommon situations where no Democrat is advantageous at fault, it could be a "RINO" (a "Republican In Name Only," who is considered not traditionalist enough). It might be the chilly, remorseless government administration. As a rule, in any case, the foe is the "standard media" - neighborhood or national, print or telecast. Moreover, In Shelley’s article one finds this very striking: Here and there, it can even be their stations news chief. One year, Charlie focused on Shelley’s because he had trained his midday newscaster report the Wimbledon tennis results, despite the fact that the matches

Depression Causes and Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Depression Causes and Treatment - Essay Example The present research has identified that depression is one of the most common illnesses in today’s world. However, it is also one of the most difficult to study, understand, and treat. The reason depression is such a tricky customer is that its geneses are very hard to pinpoint. Unlike other mental afflictions, which present clear symptoms and prognoses, depression manifests in ways that are difficult to diagnose immediately. For example, psychologists have stated that most depressed people are not even aware of their condition. In addition, depression is a symptom of some mental illnesses; therefore it is very easy to misdiagnose it. Amidst all this ¸ it is important to consider the individual causes of depression. Is the environment all to blame, as most people believe, or is there a personal dimension to depression? Can individual behavior, conditions, or attitude trigger depression, or are external factors the only suspects? These questions will form the spine of this pa per and will guide the arguments presented for and against the subject, as well as the conclusion. Hippocrates said that â€Å"food is medicine and medicine is food.† This might explain the connection between depression and nutrition because depression is an illness that affects the body as well as the mind. It is important to note that nutrition is closely linked to hormonal balance, and hormonal balance is associated with good moods and lack of depression (in both genders). Depending on the types of food people eat. Their hormones can be balanced or imbalanced, and this can have adverse effects on their moods. Research shows that the brain and the gut are always in touch with each through the vagus nerve. There is more evidence to show that there is a correlation between depression and obesity. Obesity raises the probability of developing depression and depression is symptomatic of progressive obesity. Studies show that most women eat more when they are depressed or emotion ally stressed.

Black Soul Of The 1960s Music Essay

Black Soul Of The 1960s Music Essay In the early 1960s before the British invasion black soul music, Doo wop, Motown and RB dominated the American audiences. The 1960s saw the civil rights movement. In 1963, a march on Washington saw the passing of the civil rights act of 1964 which outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment. This followed with the assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, spurring riots in 125 US cities in 1968, coinciding with the civil rights act of 1968. The 1960s saw Billboard change the name of its RB chart to Soul, but the term Soul had been used as a label since the mid 50s. It had its beginnings in the 1950s when Ray Charles exploited the gospel sound to create fusions of black religious and RB music with songs such as I got a woman based on the gospel song My Jesus is all the World. Sam Cooke also contributed a great deal to Soul. Cooke produced an almost unbroken sequence of hits from 1957 to 1964, the year of his death his music gave proof that anything was possible. This influenced artists who would later become global black Soul performers such as Aretha Franklin, The Falcons and James Brown. Groups such as The Angels, The Shirelles and The Righteous Brothers helped to popularize the music as mainstream. For much of the 1960s soul could be seen as the umbrella term for black popular music, which dominated American audiences in the early to mid 1960s. However one of the biggest success stories was the Detroit based Motown, which could be seen as pop soul which gave fame to names such as Diana Ross, Gladys Knight and Smokey Robinson. Tamla Motown was created by Berry Gordy Jr and although the stars were all black, you couldnt fully define it as black music as the intent was to make music palatable to white audiences. Gordy was also known to have controlled the performing styles and clothes in a way to prepare them for the wider mainstream audience. Amongst the most successful of his artist was Marvin Gaye, who was the first to take his artistic control over his recordings and repertoire. The East Coast DooWop and girl groups also made a contribution to African-American music during the 1960s. They were singers and groups whose origins were found on the street corners in the form of cappella groups found in many urban centres. With very rare exceptions, these groups did not write their own songs, but relied on their handlers to set up the recording sessions, pick the material, and produce the records. In fact, many of these behind-the-scenes people eventually became stars in their own right in the seventies. The influence of Doo Wop can be seen in soul music through groups such as William Robinsons, The Miracles who started a Doo Wop group whilst at school. White popular music of the UK developed into one of the most leading musics in the world. Through the 1950s there existed a barely understood American style. Rock and Roll. At the beginning of 1960 American pop music continued to set the patterns of the native musical efforts in the UK. The US contribution to the British charts was large and extremely important At this point- the twist was in full swing, Chubby Checker, Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis dominated the British charts. After rock and roll, Britain returned to its traditional values with the likes of Cliff Richard and Living Doll which brought mums and dads along as well. For a short while in Britain at the end of the 1950s into the early 60s there was a revival of American Skiffle, made popular by Skiffle artist, Lonnie Donegan. Skiffle was the first attempt undertaken to appropriate American popular music. It was a growing interest in rural and urban blues. Many of these interests involved a conservative nostalgia for the authentic of some imagined yesteryear. Skiffle would later influence John Lennon and Paul Mcartney in their first band The Quarrymen and The Beatles. We can also see the influence of African American artists through British RB which developed as a major musical movement in the early 1960s, initially in London, but also in other urban centres in the UK, as predominately young white male musicians attempted to emulate the style and recordings of African American RB artists. We can see this influence through The Rolling Stones. Muddy Waters used song extension to transform 1940s Chicago Blues. This was achieved by reviving repertoire he had learnt and increasing amplification. 15 years later The Stones and subsequently Cream and Canned Heat followed his example in substance as well as spirit by themselves drawing from the same source. Thus The Stones recorded I Just want to make love to you and I cant be Satisfied. Blues songs and influences continued to surface in the Rolling Stones music throughout their long career. Cream made versions of the delta blues and Canned Heat took their inspiration from the delta bluesman Tommy Johnson. This song copying tradition played a big role in the pop music.- All these African American influences such as Skiffle, RB and Soul along with white American Rock and Roll gave way to Beat music or the Merseybeat. Bands who defined this genre were largely the Beatles but also Hermans Hermits and Gerry and the Pacemakers, to name a few. In Walter Everetts The Beatles as Musicians he describes their compositional style as imitations of buddy holly and RB techniques practised by the witty guitarist Chuck Berry, the energetic Little Richard, and the humorous and skilful coasters After the large success of the Merseybeat in the UK, it transformed over to the US led by The Beatles on the 7th of February 1964. This would be then followed by other beat, pop and rock groups. Among the most successful bands in the genre were the Rolling Stones, The Yardbirds, The Kinks, Manfred Mann, The Animals, the Spencer Davis Group and The Who. Many of these bands dominated the UK and US charts from 1964, becoming a second wave of British Invasion acts in the US, and in the UK were central to the Mod subculture. Several of the bands and their members went on to become leading rock music performers of the late 1960s and early 1970s, helping to create sub-genres that included psychedelic, progressive and hard rock and making RB a key component of that music. However the British Invasion ended careers of black artists such as chubby checker and fats domino with only a handful surviving such as the Motown artists. However soul music did remain popular through evolved forms such as Funk which can be associated to James Brown. This later developed into Funk and Soul influenced by Phychedelic Rock. A good example would be the band Sly and the Family Stone and their album Stand! who were successful. However groups such as The Miracles and The Supremes found it hard to keep up with the changing trends and could never recover. Black music charted a musical path different from white rock. Although much black music crossed over to the pop charts, black performers did not share common ground with their white counterparts.-

Explore the different types of leadership Golding and Garland present E

Explore the different types of leadership Golding and Garland present in Lord of the Flies and The Beach. In Lord of the Flies and The Beach many leadership qualities are shown. These qualities are shown in different ways for example one leader is elected by democracy, another is self-appointed and lastly there is the destructive leader. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954. A time when commercialisation was not an issue and media hype only had subtle effects of society. The Beach was written in 1996, American globalisation has begun and the media played a massive part in society. I will look at how the different time may affect the way in which a leader reacts. The most obvious resemblance between the novels is the setting and the isolation of the islands yet there is a differentiation in that the boys in Lord of the Flies are stranded and are forced to try and survive where they don’t really want to be. The Characters in The Beach have chosen to be isolated in such surroundings and don’t want to leave. For them it is not a matter of survival. In both novels the leadership and order of their close-knit communities is similar, the way both societies morals decline and the introduction of violent behaviour is the start of their destruction. Although they bare resemblance they are very different. I will look at how the leaders affect this. Firstly I will look at what makes a good leader, I will then look at each character in turn and establish the different types of leadership Golding and Garland present in Lord of the Flies and The Beach. What makes a good leader? It has been said that some are born with the right qualities and some develop them. Whether nature or nurture a good leader should alwa... ...le attributes for a leader only this is the only leadership quality Jed holds. In conclusion, I believe that Sal was the most suitable leader although being selfish at heart, all she cared about was the beach, which in effect was a good thing. Bugs simply did as Sal said so I doubt in a tough situation alone Bugs would be able to make calm and good decisions. Richard obviously is not really a contender for any type of leadership because of his childishness and uncaring nature. After comparing and analyzing the leadership in both novels I have evidence to believe that a personality such as Ralph’s would always be best for a leadership placement. He is compassionate, forward thinking and loyal. Both novels show mans natural instinct to resort to destructive violence, Ralph is the only exception to this and is the most focused character from both novels.